Riesgo de depresión materna perinatal tras una pérdida gestacional: prevalencia y factores asociados. Un estudio exploratorio / Risk of perinatal maternal depression after pregnancy loss: prevalence and associated factors. An exploratory study

Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia del riesgo de depresión materna en el periodo perinatal, y los factores asociados a la misma, en las mujeres atendidas en Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari de Sabadell (Barcelona) que han tenido una pérdida gestacional de más de 13 semanas de gestación. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio observacional de tipo analítico. Las variables estudiadas fueron: el riesgo de depresión materna perinatal, el tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y la expulsión, las pérdidas gestacionales previas, la viabilidad fetal, ver y sostener al bebé, la obtención de huellas y fotografías de recuerdo, y percibir contradicciones profesionales. El riesgo de depresión posparto fue evaluado mediante la Escala de Edimburgo. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple por pasos para evaluar el efecto de las variables de estudio sobre la depresión posparto al alta. Resultados: Participaron 29 mujeres entre julio de 2018 y diciembre de 2020. El 37,9 % (n= 11/29) de las participantes al alta y el 26,7 % (n= 4/15) al mes presentaban puntuaciones superiores a 13 en la Escala de Edimburgo. La ecuación de la regresión fue estadísticamente significativa (F(4,23)= 7,31, p <0,001), llegando a explicar el 48,3 % (R2 ajustada) de la varianza de la depresión posparto al alta. El tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y la expulsión superior a 24 horas (B= 4,91; IC del 95 %= 0,83-8,99), así como las pérdidas gestacionales previas (B= 5,99; IC del 95 %= 1,92-10,06) se asociaron con una mayor puntuación en la Escala de Edimburgo, mientras que ver al hijo/a (B= –5,84; IC del 95 % = –11,55 a –0,12) se asoció con una disminución de la puntuación. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of the risk of maternal depression in the perinatal period and the factors associated with it, in women treated at Hospital Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari of Sabadell (Barcelona), who have had a gestational loss of more than 13 weeks of gestation. Material and method: An analytical observational study was designed. The variables studied were: the risk of perinatal maternal depression, the time elapsed between diagnosis and expulsion, previous pregnancy losses, fetal viability, seeing and holding the baby, obtaining footprints and souvenir photographs, and perceiving professional contradictions. The risk of postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Scale. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the study variables on postpartum depression at discharge. Results: 29 women participated between July 2018 and December 2020. 37.9% (n= 11/29) of the participants at discharge and 26.7% (n= 4/15) at one month had scores higher than 13 on the Edinburgh Scale. The regression equation was statistically significant (F(4,23)= 7.31, p <0.001) explaining 48.3% (R2 Adjusted) of the variance of postpartum depression at discharge. The time elapsed between diagnosis and expulsion greater than 24 hours (B = 4.91; 95% CI = 0.83 – 8.99), as well as previous pregnancy losses (B = 5.99; 95% CI = 1.92 – 10.06) were associated with a higher score on the Edinburgh Scale, while seeing the child (B = -5.84; 95% CI = -11.55 – -0.12 ) was associated with a decrease in score. (AU)

Use of Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine/Elvitegravir-Cobicistat in HIV-Naive Patients with Advanced Disease: GENIS Study.

Objective: The primary endpoint of the study was to determine the proportion of patients with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Design: Phase IV, multicentric, open-label, single-arm clinical trial of participants recruited in 2018−2019 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/elvitegravir-cobicistat (TAF/FTC/EVG-c) as first-line treatment in HIV-1 infected naïve participants with advanced disease. Methods: Adverse events were graded according to the Division of AIDS scale version 2.0. Quantitative variables were recorded as median and interquartile range, and qualitative variables as absolute number and percentage. T-Student or Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze intragroup differences of the continuous variables. Results: Fifty participants were recruited with a baseline median CD4 lymphocyte count of 116 cells/µL and a viral load of 218,938 copies/mL. The proportion of patients with viral load <50 copies/mL at week 48 was 94% in the per-protocol analysis, with a median time of 1.9 months to achieve it. Three adverse events attributed to the study drug caused trial discontinuation. Conclusions: the use of TAF/FTC/EVG-c in patients with advanced HIV disease in our study demonstrated efficacy comparable to data from pivotal clinical trials with a good safety profile.

Immunological and inflammatory changes after simplifying to dual therapy in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients through week 96 in a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether simplification of antiretroviral treatment to dual therapy (DT) negatively impacts immune recovery (IR), immune activation and inflammation (IA/I), and HIV reservoir. METHODS: An open-label, single-centre, randomized controlled trial conducted in adult virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients on triple therapy (TT) with elvitegravir-cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide or dolutegravir (DTG), abacavir, and lamivudine (3TC). Participants were randomized to continue TT or switch to DTG, or darunavir/cobicistat (DRVc) plus 3TC. IR was assessed by CD4+/CD8+ ratio at 48 and 96 weeks. Changes in immune activation, proliferation, exhaustion, senescence, and apoptosis in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, plasma sCD14, hsCRP, D-dimers, ß2-microglobulin, IL-6, TNF-α and IP-10 levels, cell-associated HIV-DNA (CA-DNA), and unspliced HIV-RNA (usRNA) were also analysed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one participants were enrolled. Fourteen patients did not complete the follow up. In the ITT and PP analysis, the IR was similar between the treatment arms. In the ITT analysis, the median increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.10, 0.04, and 0.07 at week 48, and 0.09, 0.05, and 0.08 at week 96 for TT, DTG/3TC, and DRVc/3TC, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the slopes of changes in CD4+/CD8+ ratio over time were independent of treatment (F = 1.699; p = 0.436) and related only to baseline values (F = 756.871; p = 0.000). There were no differences in IA/I, CA-DNA, or usRNA between treatment arms. DISCUSSION: Both IR and IA/I, CA-DNA, and usRNA were similar in the three treatment groups, regardless of maintaining TT or simplifying to DTG/3TC or DRVc/3TC in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.

Análisis epidemiológico de la violencia de género en la Unión Europea / Epidemiological analysis of gender violence in the European Union

Existe una gran heterogeneidad regional y desconocimiento de la situación actual de la violencia de género (VdG) en los diferentes países de la Unión Europea (UE-28). El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la prevalencia actual de la VdG y de feminicidios en la UE-28 y en particular en España. Consiste en un estudio descriptivo observacional (análisis de documentos) seleccionando y analizando datos de las diferentes modalidades de la VdG y de feminicidios en los 28 países de la UE. Letonia, Dinamarca, Reino Unido, Suecia, Bélgica, Finlandia, Eslovaquia y Luxemburgo tienen tasas más altas que la media de la UE en todos los tipos de VdG y Finlandia, Hungría, Irlanda del Norte y Letonia poseen índices de prevalencia más altos en feminicidios. Con respecto a España, el 0,13% de las mujeres fueron víctimas de VdG y se producen 2,3 feminicidios por cada 1.000.000 mujeres, situándose España entre los países con tasas más bajas. Se concluye que el maltrato psicológico es el más prevalente en la UE-28, sin embargo, existe una dificultad para la comparación de datos de los diferentes países debido a la inexistencia de una conceptualización legal común de la VdG

There is a great regional heterogeneity and ignorance of the current gender-based violence (GBV) situation in the different countries of the European Union (EU-28). The aim of this paper is to determine the current prevalence of GBV and femicides in the EU-28 and in Spain in particular. This study consists of an observational descriptive study (document analysis) which selects and analyses data belonging to the different modalities of GBV and femicides in the EU-28 countries. Latvia, Denmark, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, Finland, Slovakia and Luxembourg possess higher rates than the EU average in all types of GBV while Finland, Hungary, Northern Ireland and Latvia possess higher prevalence rates in femicide. With respect to Spain, 0.13% of women were victims of GBV and 2.3 femicides occur for every 1.000.000 women, with Spain being among the countries with the lowest rates. It is therefore concluded that psychological abuse is the most prevalent within the EU-28, however, it is difficult to compare said data from different countries due to the lack of a common legal conceptuaisation of GBV

Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure (SMVM) With Workers in Spain.

Shirom's proposal about engagement focuses on vigor. Under this approach, vigor is considered an affect that mediates the relationship between resources, behaviors, and attitudes related to psychological functioning and health. It is important for occupational health professionals to have adequate measures of this construct. The Shirom-Melamed vigor measure (SMVM) was developed to capture this sense of energy comprising three components (physical strength, emotional energy, and cognitive liveliness). In the absence of a Spanish version of the SMVM, our aim is to perform a cultural adaptation and to further analyze its psychometric properties. In Study 1, we culturally adapt the SMVM in Spanish samples. It incorporates a careful development of a three-step procedure according to the International Test Commission and qualitative analyses to ensure a consensus version. Twenty-six individuals were involved. In Study 2, the responses of 203 workers from different organizations show the validity and reliability of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analyses yield a model with three interrelated dimensions showing good fit indices. Furthermore, concurrent validity is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of the SMVM for occupational health professionals.

Transforming a Compact Disk into a Simple and Cheap Photocatalytic Nanoreactor.

A commercial compact disk has been converted into an effective photocatalytic nanoreactor by depositing a catalyst layer inside the nanochannels by means of an electrophoretic method. The resultant device has been tested for water splitting, obtaining a high yield of hydrogen at an unbeatable low cost.

Simultaneous in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide and Fenton reaction over Pd-Fe catalysts.

High mineralization degree of organic compounds can be achieved by a novel environmentally-friendly full heterogeneous Pd-Fe catalytic system, which involves in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide from formic acid and oxygen, and oxidation of organic compounds by Fenton process in a one-pot reaction.